Metabolomic, in vitro and preclinical evaluation of Auricularia polytricha mushroom

Abstract

This study examined the metabolomic analysis, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity of the methanolic extract of a locally isolated Auricularia polytricha mushroom. The study aimed to identify bioactive metabolites from a locally isolated A. polytricha strain using metabolomic analysis and to characterize its anticancer activity through in vivo evaluation. The bioactive metabolites produced by a locally isolated mushroom A. polytricha strain were analyzed using metabolomic analysis conducted using LC-Triple TOF-MS, followed by preclinical characterization of the anticancer activity in a solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC)-induced animal model. Metabolomic analysis identified 183 secondary metabolites that revealed the presence of bioactive compound classes, including xanthines, azoles, flavones, stilbenes, coumarins, catechols, anthocyanidins, and oligosaccharides. The (A) polytricha extract demonstrated significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against S. aureus, (B) cereus, and (C) albicans. Additionally, the extract exhibited promising antiviral activity, with a selectivity index of 7.7 against the vesicular stomatitis virus. The extract showed cytotoxicity against colorectal adenocarcinoma (SW620) and liver cancer (Huh-7) cell lines. Further exploration of its therapeutic potential as an anti-tumor agent through in vivo studies displayed a significant decline in the volume and weight of the SEC, indicating its ability to inhibit angiogenesis and induce apoptosis. The treatment enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by reducing levels of iNOS, TNF-α, and NF-κB, while increasing SOD levels. These findings were supported by improvements in biochemical, hematological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical assessments. In conclusion, this study highlights the antimicrobial, antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of A. polytricha. The identified active metabolites are highly recommended for clinical investigation for potential use in humans.